What Is the Air Quality in Pennington, South Dakota?
Pennington, South Dakota has an Air Quality Grade of C (fair) with a 5-year median AQI of 38. The dominant pollutant is Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), and air quality has been stable over the past decade.
Pennington, South Dakota Air Quality Snapshot
| Air Quality Grade | C63/100 |
| 5-Year Median AQI | 38 (Good) |
| Most Recent Median AQI (2023) | 45 (Good) |
| Dominant Pollutant | Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) |
| 10-Year Trend | Stable (+0.04 AQI/yr) |
| Unhealthy Days (last 5 yr) | 22 |
| National Rank (cleanest = #1) | #396 of 1,020 (39th cleanest percentile) |
| South Dakota Rank | #3 of 10 |
What Does the C Grade Mean?
Pennington, South Dakota earns a C — air quality is fair, but not great. With a 5-year median AQI of 38, the city sees a meaningful number of "Moderate" days each year, when the EPA flags air as a concern for unusually sensitive people.
Pennington, South Dakota's 5-year median AQI of 38 is 3 points below the national average of 41 — meaningfully cleaner than the typical U.S. metro tracked here. Within South Dakota, Pennington, South Dakota runs more polluted than the state average of 36 — local sources or geography are concentrating pollution above the state's typical reading.
For context within South Dakota: Hughes, South Dakota currently holds the state's cleanest grade (A, AQI 13), while Codington, South Dakota sits at the bottom (D, AQI 40).
What's in Pennington, South Dakota's Air?
The dominant pollutant in Pennington, South Dakota is Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5). Fine particulate matter — particles less than 2.5 micrometers across — comes mostly from combustion: vehicle exhaust, wildfire smoke, residential wood burning, and industrial emissions. Because these particles are small enough to enter the bloodstream, PM2.5 is the pollutant most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, and premature death.
Days by Dominant Pollutant (2023)
| Pollutant | Days as Dominant | Share of Year |
|---|---|---|
| Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) | 191 | 52% |
| Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) | 166 | 45% |
| Nitrogen Dioxide | 8 | 2% |
Is the Air Getting Better or Worse?
Air quality in Pennington, South Dakota has held roughly steady over the past decade, with year-to-year shifts in median AQI of less than half a point. That stability makes the city's long-run grade a reliable signal of what residents can expect day-to-day.
In 2014, Pennington, South Dakota posted a median AQI of 38. By 2023 that figure was 45 — a rise of 7 AQI points dirtier across 10 years of EPA records.
Year-by-Year AQI in Pennington, South Dakota
| Year | Median AQI | Good Days | Unhealthy Days | Dominant Pollutant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 38 | 258 | 0 | PM2.5 |
| 2015 | 51 | 182 | 3 | PM2.5 |
| 2016 | 33 | 284 | 1 | PM2.5 |
| 2017 | 37 | 264 | 5 | PM2.5 |
| 2018 | 36 | 263 | 2 | PM2.5 |
| 2019 | 33 | 267 | 4 | PM10 |
| 2020 | 35 | 264 | 0 | PM2.5 |
| 2021 | 39 | 244 | 7 | PM2.5 |
| 2022 | 40 | 238 | 2 | PM2.5 |
| 2023 | 45 | 216 | 9 | PM2.5 |
Health Context for Pennington, South Dakota
Across the past five years, this area has logged just 22 days where AQI rose into the "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" range or worse — about 4 days per year, or roughly one every other month. That is a low count by national standards.
Healthy adults can continue normal outdoor activity in most weather, but should pay attention to AQI alerts during the worst pollution windows. People with asthma, heart disease, or pregnancy should reduce prolonged or intense outdoor exertion on flagged days, and consider running an indoor HEPA air cleaner during peak season. Because PM2.5 penetrates deep into the lungs and bloodstream, an N95 or KN95 mask provides meaningful protection on smoky or high-particulate days — surgical masks do not.
How This Grade Is Calculated
The AirHistory Air Quality Grade combines four signals: the 5-year median AQI (40% of the score), the 10-year trend direction (30%), the count of unhealthy days per year (20%), and the dominant pollutant type (10%). All four come directly from the EPA Air Quality System (AQS), which aggregates readings from federally certified monitors. Read the full methodology.
Pennington, South Dakota has an Air Quality Grade of C (fair) with a 5-year median AQI of 38. The dominant pollutant is Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), and air quality has been stable over the past decade.
The data source behind this answer is the EPA Air Quality System (AQS). Every figure on the page traces back to that source; the methodology page describes the inputs and the refresh cadence in full detail.
A practical caveat: the headline answer above reflects the most recent the EPA Air Quality System (AQS) vintage; underlying data is often revised for months after first publication, and the right reference for any specific decision is whichever vintage is current at the time of the decision. The as-of date is stamped on every page.
Source: EPA Outdoor Air Quality Data, 2026.